List of R1a frequency by population

2009 as per Underhill et al. (2009)

R1a
M420

R1a1
SRY1532.2

	R1a1*

R1a1a
M17, M198

R1a1a *

M56

R1a1a1

M157

R1a1a2

M64.2,..

R1a1a3

P98

R1a1a4

PK5

R1a1a5

M434

R1a1a6

M458

M334	R1a1a7a

	R1a1a7*

rs34351054

R1a1a8

	R1a*

Haplogroup R1a is one of the major classifications (called clades) of Y-chromosome types found in human male lines. It is widespread all across Eurasia. Many sample studies therefore carry information on the incidence of R1a and/or its subclassifications, in particular the dominant branching line represented by the haplogroups R1a1 and R1a1a.

The table below collates information from a number of such sample studies, with incidence frequencies in sample data reported as percentages, along with the associated sample sizes.

Data

Continental	Country	Population	Sample	R1a1 = SRY1532.2 positive, M17/M198 not tested (%)	R1a1* = SRY1532.2 positive, M17/M198 negative (%)	R1a1a = SRY1532.2 positive, M17/M198 positive (%)	Source
Caucasus	Ossetians	North	134	NA	0.00	0.75	Underhill et al. (2009)
Europe	Estonia		100	NA	0.00	35.00	Underhill et al. (2009)
Europe	Romania		335	NA	0.00	17.01	Underhill et al. (2009)
Europe	Croatia	Krk (island)	74	NA	0.00	36.49	Underhill et al. (2009)
Europe	Croatia	Brac (island)	49	NA	0.00	24.49	Underhill et al. (2009)
Europe	Croatia	Hvar (island)	91	NA	0.00	6.59	Underhill et al. (2009)
Europe	Croatia	Korcula (island)	134	NA	0.00	15.67	Underhill et al. (2009)
Europe	Croatia	mainland	108	NA	0.00	26.85	Underhill et al. (2009)
Europe	Bosnia-Herzegovina	Herzegovina	141	NA	0.00	12.06	Underhill et al. (2009)
Europe	Kosovo	Albanians	114	NA	0.00	3.51	Underhill et al. (2009)
Europe	Serbia		113	NA	0.00	18.58	Underhill et al. (2009)
Europe	Republic of Macedonia	Macedonia	79	NA	0.00	13.92	Underhill et al. (2009)
Europe	Czech Republic		53	NA	0.00	37.74	Underhill et al. (2009)
Europe	Belarus		50	NA	0.00	42.00	Underhill et al. (2009)
Europe	Russia	Russians	39	NA	0.00	38.46	Underhill et al. (2009)
Central Asia	Tajiks,Turkmens		38	NA	0.00	7.89	Underhill et al. (2009)
Central Asia	Russia	Tuvas	104	NA	0.00	7.69	Underhill et al. (2009)
Central Asia	Russia	Altaians	58	NA	0.00	41.38	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Jammu Jharkhand	61	NA	0.00	37.70	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Andhra-Pradesh Jharkhand	19	NA	0.00	26.32	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Madhya-Pradesh Madhya-Pradesh	54	NA	0.00	35.19	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Khatri-Punjab/Haryana	15	NA	0.00	67.00	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Arora-Punjab/Himanchal Pradesh/J&K	41	NA	0.00	74.00	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Ahir-Punjab/Haryana	24	NA	0.00	63.00	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Uttar-Pradesh Jharkhand	171	NA	0.00	49.71	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Uttranchal Jharkhand	21	NA	0.00	47.62	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	West-Bengal Chattishgarh	49	NA	0.00	48.98	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Asur Maharashtra	88	NA	0.00	5.68	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Ho Madhya-Pradesh	45	NA	0.00	0.00	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Mawasi Orissa	27	NA	0.00	3.70	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Mawasi Chattishgarh	12	NA	0.00	8.33	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Mahali Orissa	32	NA	0.00	9.38	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Santhal Meghalaya	20	NA	0.00	10.00	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Birhor Meghalaya	27	NA	0.00	3.70	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Birhor	35	NA	0.00	2.86	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Baiga	23	NA	0.00	8.70	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Baiga	42	NA	0.00	2.38	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Kharia	37	NA	0.00	5.41	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Savara	21	NA	0.00	9.52	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Meghwal Rajasthan	50	NA	0.00	30.00	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Garo	25	NA	0.00	4.00	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Lohana Gujarat	20	NA	0.00	60.00	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Khasi	21	NA	0.00	4.76	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	Iran		87	NA	0.00	10.34	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	Pakistan	Sindhi	134	NA	0.00	49.00	Underhill et al. (2009)
South Asia	Pakistan	Mohanna	70	NA	0.00	71.00	Underhill et al. (2009)
Middle East	Turkey		89	NA	0.00	3.37	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Armenia		25	NA	0.00	4.00	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Megrels		67	NA	0.00	8.96	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Abkhazes		162	NA	0.00	9.26	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Avars		42	NA	0.00	2.38	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Chamalals		27	NA	0.00	7.41	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Bagvalals		28	NA	0.00	3.57	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Andis		49	NA	0.00	2.04	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Lezgis		31	NA	0.00	0.00	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Darginians		68	NA	0.00	0.00	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Tabasarans		43	NA	0.00	2.33	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Adyghes		160	NA	0.00	11.25	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Karachays		69	NA	0.00	27.54	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Kumyks		76	NA	0.00	13.16	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Balkars		136	NA	0.00	25.74	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Cherkessians		126	NA	0.00	12.70	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Kabardians		141	NA	0.71	13.48	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Abazas		89	NA	0.00	19.10	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Nogays		87	NA	0.00	12.64	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Karanogays		77	NA	0.00	9.09	Underhill et al. (2009)
Caucasus	Tats		10	NA	0.00	0.00	Underhill et al. (2009)
Europe	Crete		193	NA	0.00	8.81	Underhill et al. (2009)
Middle East	Oman		121	NA	0.00	9.09	Underhill et al. (2009)
Middle East	Iran		150	NA	0.67	12.67	Underhill et al. (2009)
Middle East	United Arab Emirates		164	NA	0.00	7.32	Underhill et al. (2009)
Middle East	Turkey		523	NA	0.00	6.88	Underhill et al. (2009)
Europe	Lithuania	Aukštaičiai	106	45.3	NA	NA	Kasperaviciūte et al. (2005)
Europe	Lithuania	Žemaičiai	90	44.4	NA	NA	Kasperaviciūte et al. (2005)
Europe	Norway	North	377	27.1	NA	NA	Dupuy et al. (2005)
Europe	Norway	Middle	317	31.5	NA	NA	Dupuy et al. (2005)
Europe	Norway	West	301	24.3	NA	NA	Dupuy et al. (2005)
Europe	Norway	East	493	26.8	NA	NA	Dupuy et al. (2005)
Europe	Norway	Bergen	93	28	NA	NA	Dupuy et al. (2005)
Europe	Norway	Oslo	109	19.3	NA	NA	Dupuy et al. (2005)
Europe	Norway	South	76	13.2	NA	NA	Dupuy et al. (2005)
Europe	Spain/Portugal	large survey	1140	NA	0.00	1.2	Adams et al. (2008)
Europe	Greece	Greeks	92	NA	0.00	16.3	Battaglia et al. (2008)
Europe	Greece	Macedonian Greeks	57	NA	1.80	10.5	Battaglia et al. (2008)
Europe	Albania		55	NA	0.00	9.1	Battaglia et al. (2008)
Europe	Bosnia	Serbs	81	NA	0.00	13.6	Battaglia et al. (2008)
Europe	Bosnia	Bosniacs	84	NA	0.00	15.5	Battaglia et al. (2008)
Europe	Bosnia	Croats	90	NA	0.00	12.2	Battaglia et al. (2008)
Europe	Croatia		89	NA	0.00	27.0	Battaglia et al. (2008)
Europe	Hungary		53	NA	0.00	56.6	Battaglia et al. (2008)
Europe	Czech Republic		75	NA	0.00	41.3	Battaglia et al. (2008)
Europe	Poland		99	NA	0.00	56.6	Battaglia et al. (2008)
Europe	Ukraine		92	NA	0.00	50.0	Battaglia et al. (2008)
Europe	Georgia		66	NA	0.00	10.6	Battaglia et al. (2008)
Caucasus	Russia	Balkarians	38	NA	0.00	13.2	Battaglia et al. (2008)
Europe	Republic of Macedonia	Albanian language	64	NA	0.00	1.6	Battaglia et al. (2008)
Europe	Croatia	Osijek	29	NA	0.00	37.9	Battaglia et al. (2008)
Europe	Slovenia	Slovenians	75	NA	0.00	38.70	Battaglia et al. (2008)
Europe	Italy	North East	67	NA	0.00	10.4	Battaglia et al. (2008)
-	-	Ashkenazi Cohen	76	NA	0.00	1.3	Behar et al. (2003)
-	-	Sephardi Cohen	69	NA	0.00	5.8	Behar et al. (2003)
Europe	-	Ashkenazi Levite	60	NA	0.00	51.7	Behar et al. (2003)
-	-	Sephardi Levite	31	NA	0.00	3.2	Behar et al. (2003)
Middle East	Israel	Ashkenazi	100	NA	0.00	4.0	Behar et al. (2003)
Middle East	Israel	Sephardi	63	NA	0.00	1.6	Behar et al. (2003)
Europe	Germany		88	NA	0.00	12.5	Behar et al. (2003)
Europe	Norway		83	NA	0.00	21.7	Behar et al. (2003)
Europe	Germany	Sorbs	112	NA	0.00	63.4	Behar et al. (2003)
Europe	Belorussia		306	NA	0.33	51.0	Behar et al. (2003)
Europe	Spain	Spanish Basques	42	NA	NA	0.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	British Crown	Channel Islands	128	NA	NA	2.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	England	Chippenham	52	NA	NA	6.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	England	Cornwall	52	NA	NA	6.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	England	Dorchester	73	NA	NA	4.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	England	Faversham	55	NA	NA	2.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	England	Midhurst	80	NA	NA	1.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	England	Morpeth	95	NA	NA	2.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	England	Norfolk	121	NA	NA	2.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	England	Penrith	90	NA	NA	2.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	England	Southwell	70	NA	NA	4.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	England	Uttoxeter	84	NA	NA	0.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	England	York	46	NA	NA	2.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	Denmark/Germany	Denmark/Schleswig-Holstein	190	NA	NA	8.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	Ireland	Castlerea	43	NA	NA	0.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	British Crown	Isle of Man	62	NA	NA	8.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	Norway		201	NA	NA	12.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	Scotland	Orkney	121	NA	NA	7.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	Ireland	Rush, Dublin	76	NA	NA	1.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	Scotland	Durness	51	NA	NA	2.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	Scotland	Oban	42	NA	NA	2.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	Scotland	Pitlochry	41	NA	NA	0.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	Scotland	Stonehaven	44	NA	NA	5.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	Scotland	Western Isles	88	NA	NA	3.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	Scotland	Shetland	63	NA	NA	6.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	Wales	Haverfordwest	59	NA	NA	2.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	Wales	Llangefni	80	NA	NA	1.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Europe	Wales	Llanidloes	57	NA	NA	4.0	Capelli et al. (2003)
Middle East/Europe	Turkey		523	NA	NA	6.9	Cinnioğlu et al. (2004)
Europe	Italy	Sicily	236	NA	NA	5.5	Di Gaetano et al. (2008)
Europe	Greece		77	NA	NA	15.6	Firasat et al. (2007)
South Asia	Pakistan	Burusho	97	NA	NA	25.8	Firasat et al. (2007)
South Asia	Pakistan	Kalash	44	NA	NA	18.2	Firasat et al. (2007)
South Asia	Pakistan	Pashtun	96	NA	NA	64.8	Firasat et al. (2007)
South Asia	Pakistan		638	NA	NA	37.1	Firasat et al. (2007)
South Asia	Nepal	Tharu Chitwan C. Terai 1	57	NA	0.00	10.5	Fornarino et al. (2009)
South Asia	Nepal	Tharu Chitwan C. Terai 2	77	NA	0.00	3.9	Fornarino et al. (2009)
South Asia	Nepal	Tharu Chitwan E. Terai	37	NA	0.00	16.2	Fornarino et al. (2009)
South Asia	Nepal/India	Hindus (proxy for Indian ancestry) Chitwan, Nepal	26	NA	0.00	69.2	Fornarino et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Hindus New Delhi	49	NA	0.00	34.7	Fornarino et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Andhara Pradesh tribal	29	NA	0.00	27.6	Fornarino et al. (2009)
Europe	Poland		913	NA	NA	57.0	Kayser et al. (2005)
Europe	Germany		1215	NA	NA	17.9	Kayser et al. (2005)
Europe	Germany	Berlin	103	NA	NA	22.3	Kayser et al. (2005)
Europe	Germany	Leipzig	144	NA	NA	27.1	Kayser et al. (2005)
Europe	Germany	Magdeburg	100	NA	NA	21	Kayser et al. (2005)
Europe	Germany	Rostock	96	NA	NA	31.3	Kayser et al. (2005)
Europe	Germany	Greifswald	104	NA	NA	19.2	Kayser et al. (2005)
Europe	Germany	Hamburg	161	NA	NA	16.8	Kayser et al. (2005)
Europe	Germany	Muenster	102	NA	NA	7.8	Kayser et al. (2005)
Europe	Germany	Freiburg	102	NA	NA	10.8	Kayser et al. (2005)
Europe	Germany	Cologne	96	NA	NA	15.6	Kayser et al. (2005)
Europe	Germany	Mainz	95	NA	NA	8.4	Kayser et al. (2005)
Europe	Germany	Munich	95	NA	NA	14.3	Kayser et al. (2005)
Europe	Greece	Nea Nikomedeia	57	NA	0.00	21.1	King et al. (2008)
Europe	Greece	Sesklo/Dimini	57	NA	0.00	10.5	King et al. (2008)
Europe	Greece	Lerna/Franchthi	57	NA	0.00	1.8	King et al. (2008)
Europe	Greece	Crete	193	NA	0.50	8.3	King et al. (2008)
Europe	Greece	Crete, Heraklion Prefecture	104	NA	0.00	8.7	Martinez et al. (2007)
Europe	Greece	Crete, Lasithi Plateau	41	NA	0.00	29.3	Martinez et al. (2007)
Europe	Greece	Crete, Lasithi Prefecture	23	NA	0.00	17.4	Martinez et al. (2007)
Europe	Ukraine		94	NA	NA	43.6	Kharkov et al. (2004)
Europe	Belorussia		68	NA	NA	45.6	Kharkov et al. (2005)
North/Central Asia	Russia (Altai Republic)	Northern Altaians (Gorno-Altaisk)	20	NA	NA	50.0	Kharkov et al. (2007)
North/Central Asia	Russia (Altai Republic)	Northern Altaians (Kurmach-Baigol)	11	NA	NA	18.2	Kharkov et al. (2007)
North/Central Asia	Russia (Altai Republic)	Northern Altaians (Turochak)	19	NA	NA	36.8	Kharkov et al. (2007)
North/Central Asia	Russia (Altai Republic)	Southern Altaians (Beshpel'tir)	43	NA	NA	58.1	Kharkov et al. (2007)
North/Central Asia	Russia (Altai Republic)	Southern Altaians (Kulada)	46	NA	NA	52.2	Kharkov et al. (2007)
North/Central Asia	Russia (Altai Republic)	Southern Altaians (Kosh-Agach)	7	NA	NA	28.6	Kharkov et al. (2007)
Europe	England	West Lancashire (2 gens)	49	NA	NA	2.0	Bowden et al. (2008)
Europe	England	Wirral (2 gens)	100	NA	NA	4.0	Bowden et al. (2008)
Europe	England	West Lancashire (medieval?)	42	NA	NA	16.7	Bowden et al. (2008)
Europe	England	Wirral (medieval?)	37	NA	NA	13.5	Bowden et al. (2008)
South Asia	India	South India, Chenchu	41	NA	NA	26.8	Kivisild et al. (2003)
South Asia	India	South India, Koya	41	NA	NA	2.4	Kivisild et al. (2003)
South Asia	India	West Bengal	31	NA	NA	38.7	Kivisild et al. (2003)
South Asia	India	Konkanastha Brahmins, Bombay	43	NA	NA	41.9	Kivisild et al. (2003)
South Asia	India	Gujarat	29	NA	NA	24.1	Kivisild et al. (2003)
South Asia	India	Lambadi	35	NA	NA	8.6	Kivisild et al. (2003)
South Asia	India	Punjab	66	NA	NA	47.0	Kivisild et al. (2003)
South Asia	Sri Lanka	Sinhalese	39	NA	NA	12.8	Kivisild et al. (2003)
North Asia	Russia	Tuvan	40	NA	NA	7.5	Lell et al. (2002)
North Asia	Russia	Tofalar	19	NA	NA	5.3	Lell et al. (2002)
North Asia	Russia	Buryat	13	NA	NA	0.0	Lell et al. (2002)
North/East Asia	Russia	Yenisey Evenk	31	NA	NA	9.7	Lell et al. (2002)
North/East Asia	Russia	Okhotsk Evenk	16	NA	NA	0.0	Lell et al. (2002)
North/East Asia	Russia	Ulchi/Nanai	53	NA	NA	0.0	Lell et al. (2002)
North/East Asia	Russia	Upriver Negidal	10	NA	NA	0.0	Lell et al. (2002)
North/East Asia	Russia	Downriver Negidal	7	NA	NA	0.0	Lell et al. (2002)
North/East Asia	Russia	Ugedey	20	NA	NA	5.0	Lell et al. (2002)
North/East Asia	Russia	Nivkh	17	NA	NA	0.0	Lell et al. (2002)
North/East Asia	Russia	Kamchatka, Koryak	27	NA	NA	0.0	Lell et al. (2002)
North/East Asia	Russia	Kamchatka, Itel\'man	18	NA	NA	22.2	Lell et al. (2002)
North/East Asia	Russia	Chukotka, Chukchi	24	NA	NA	4.2	Lell et al. (2002)
North/East Asia	Russia	Chukotka, Siberian Eskimo	33	NA	NA	0.0	Lell et al. (2002)
Caucasus	Russia	Abazinians	14	NA	NA	14.0	Nasidze et al. (2004)
Caucasus	Russia	Chechenians	19	NA	NA	5.0	Nasidze et al. (2004)
Caucasus	Russia	Darginians	26	NA	NA	0.0	Nasidze et al. (2004)
Caucasus	Russia	Ingushians	22	NA	NA	0.0	Nasidze et al. (2004)
Caucasus	Russia	Kabardinians	59	NA	NA	2.0	Nasidze et al. (2004)
Caucasus	Russia	Lezgi (Dagestan)	25	NA	NA	0.0	Nasidze et al. (2004)
Caucasus	Russia	Ossetians (Ardon)	28	NA	NA	4.0	Nasidze et al. (2004)
Caucasus	Russia	Ossetians (Digora)	31	NA	NA	0.0	Nasidze et al. (2004)
Caucasus	Russia	Rutulians	24	NA	NA	0.0	Nasidze et al. (2004)
Caucasus	Georgia	Abkhazians	12	NA	NA	33.0	Nasidze et al. (2004)
Caucasus	Armenia	Armenians	100	NA	NA	6.0	Nasidze et al. (2004)
Caucasus	Azerbaijan	Azerbaijanians	72	NA	NA	7.0	Nasidze et al. (2004)
Caucasus	Georgia	Georgians	77	NA	NA	10.0	Nasidze et al. (2004)
Middle East	Turkey		39	NA	NA	13.0	Nasidze et al. (2004)
Middle East	Iran	Isfahan	50	NA	NA	18.0	Nasidze et al. (2004)
Middle East	Iran	Tehran	80	NA	NA	20.0	Nasidze et al. (2004)
South Asia	Pakistan	Balti	13	NA	NA	46.0	Qamar et al. (2002)
South Asia	Pakistan	Brahui	110	NA	NA	39.0	Qamar et al. (2002)
South Asia	Pakistan	Burusho	94	NA	NA	28.0	Qamar et al. (2002)
South Asia	Pakistan	Pakistan Hazara	23	NA	NA	0.0	Qamar et al. (2002)
South Asia	Pakistan	Kalash	44	NA	NA	18.0	Qamar et al. (2002)
South Asia	Pakistan	Pakistan Kashmiri	12	NA	NA	58.0	Qamar et al. (2002)
South Asia	Pakistan	Makrani Baluch	25	NA	NA	28.0	Qamar et al. (2002)
South Asia	Pakistan	Makrani Negroid	33	NA	NA	30.0	Qamar et al. (2002)
South Asia	Pakistan	Pakistan Parsi	90	NA	NA	8.0	Qamar et al. (2002)
South Asia	Pakistan	Pakistan Pathan	93	NA	NA	45.0	Qamar et al. (2002)
South Asia	Pakistan	Pakistan Sindhi	122	NA	NA	49.0	Qamar et al. (2002)
Europe	Albania	Albanian	51	NA	NA	9.8	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	France	French Basque	22	NA	NA	0.0	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Spain	Spanish Basque	45	NA	NA	0.0	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Italy	Calabrian	37	NA	NA	0.0	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Spain	Catalan	24	NA	NA	0.0	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Italy	Central/Northern	50	NA	NA	4.0	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Croatia	Croatian	58	NA	NA	29.3	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Czech Republic/Slovakia	Czech/Slovak	45	NA	NA	26.7	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Netherlands	Dutch	27	NA	NA	3.7	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Georgia	Georgian	63	NA	NA	7.9	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Germany	German	16	NA	NA	6.2	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Greece	Greek	76	NA	NA	11.8	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Hungary	Hungarian	45	NA	NA	60.0	Semino et al. (2000)
Middle East	Lebanon	Lebanese	31	NA	NA	9.7	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Republic of Macedonia	Macedonian	20	NA	NA	35.0	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Poland	Polish	55	NA	NA	56.4	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe		Saami	24	NA	NA	8.3	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Italy	Sardinian	77	NA	NA	0.0	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Syria	Syrian	20	NA	NA	10.0	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Turkey	Turkish	30	NA	NA	6.6	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Russia	Udmurt	43	NA	NA	37.2	Semino et al. (2000)
Europe	Ukraine	Ukrainian	50	NA	NA	54.0	Semino et al. (2000)
South Asia	Pakistan		85	NA	NA	16.5	Sengupta et al. (2005)
South Asia	India	Rajput(Rajasthan)	29	NA	NA	31.3	Sengupta et al. (2005)
South Asia	Pakistan	Southern	91	NA	NA	31.9	Sengupta et al. (2005)
Southeast Asia	Cambodia		6	NA	NA	0.0	Sengupta et al. (2005)
East Asia	China		128	NA	NA	0.0	Sengupta et al. (2005)
East Asia	Japan		23	NA	NA	0.0	Sengupta et al. (2005)
North Asia	Siberia		18	NA	NA	0.0	Sengupta et al. (2005)
South Asia	India	Tribe (Austro-Asiatic)	64	NA	NA	0.0	Sengupta et al. (2005)
South Asia	India	Tribe (Dravidian)	18	NA	NA	2.8	Sengupta et al. (2005)
South Asia	India	Tribe (Tibeto-Burman)	87	NA	NA	4.6	Sengupta et al. (2005)
South Asia	India	Tribe (Indo-European)	21	NA	NA	19.1	Sengupta et al. (2005)
South Asia	India	Dravidian Upper Caste	59	NA	NA	28.8	Sengupta et al. (2005)
South Asia	India	Dravidian Middle Caste	85	NA	NA	11.8	Sengupta et al. (2005)
South Asia	India	Dravidian Lower Caste	29	NA	NA	24.1	Sengupta et al. (2005)
South Asia	India	Indo-European Upper Caste	86	NA	NA	45.4	Sengupta et al. (2005)
South Asia	India	Indo-European Middle Caste	48	NA	NA	10.4	Sengupta et al. (2005)
South Asia	India	Indo-European Lower Caste	50	NA	NA	26.0	Sengupta et al. (2005)
South Asia	India	Kashmiri (Gujars)	49	NA	0.00	40.86	Sharma et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Kashmiri (Pandits)	51	NA	3.92	19.61	Sharma et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Gujarat (Brahmins)	64	NA	0.00	32.81	Sharma et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Bihar (Paswan)	27	NA	0.00	40.74	Sharma et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Bihar (Brahmins)	38	NA	0.00	60.53	Sharma et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Himachal Pradesh (Brahmin)	30	NA	0.00	47.37	Sharma et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Indian Punjab (Brahmins)	49	NA	0.00	35.71	Sharma et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	West Bengal (Brahmins)	30	NA	0.00	72.22	Sharma et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Uttar Pradesh (Brahmins)	31	NA	0.00	67.74	Sharma et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Uttar Pradesh (Kols)	38	NA	0.00	14.81	Sharma et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Madhya Pradesh (Saharia)	57	NA	22.8	28.07	Sharma et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Madhya Pradesh (Brahmins)	42	NA	0.00	38.1	Sharma et al. (2009)
South Asia	India	Maharashtra (Brahmins)	32	NA	0.00	43.33	Sharma et al. (2009)
Europe	Moldova	Moldavians, Karahasan	72	NA	NA	34.7	Varzari (2006)
Europe	Moldava	Moldavians Sofia, Moldava	54	NA	NA	20.4	Varzari (2006)
Europe	Romania	Dniester-Carpathian	-	NA	NA	20.4	Varzari (2006)
Europe	Ukraine	Ukrainians, Rashkovo	53	NA	NA	41.5	Varzari (2006)
Europe	Moldava	Gagauzes, Kongaz	48	NA	NA	12.5	Varzari (2006)
Europe	Ukraine	Gagauzes, Etulia	41	NA	NA	26.8	Varzari (2006)
Central/East Asia	China	Dongxiang (Mongolian descent)	49	NA	0?	28.0	Wei Wang et al. (2003)
Central/East Asia	China	Salar (Central Asian Turkish descent?)	52	NA	0?	17.0	Wei Wang et al. (2003)
Central/East Asia	China	Bo\'an (Bonan) Mongolian descent	47	NA	0?	26.0	Wei Wang et al. (2003)
Caucasus	Armenia	Ararat	44	NA	0.00	0.0	Weale et al. (2001)
Caucasus	Armenia/Georgia	\"Northern Armenians\"	189	NA	0.53	4.2	Weale et al. (2001)
Caucasus	Armenia	Syunik (South Armenia)	140	NA	0.00	9.3	Weale et al. (2001)
Caucasus	Azerbaijan/Armenia	Karabakh	215	NA	0.00	5.6	Weale et al. (2001)
Middle East	Iran	Isfahan, New Julfa, (Armenian descent)	56	NA	0.00	1.8	Weale et al. (2001)
Middle East	Turkey	near Armenia	90	NA	1.11	3.3	Weale et al. (2001)
Middle East	Turkey	Istanbul University	173	NA	0.00	10.4	Weale et al. (2001)
Caucasus	Azerbaijan	Baku	29	NA	0.00	10.3	Weale et al. (2001)
Middle East	Syria	Damascus University	44	NA	0.00	2.3	Weale et al. (2001)
Caucasus	Georgia	Tbilisi	68	NA	0.00	4.4	Weale et al. (2001)
Europe	Greece	Athens	132	NA	0.00	6.1	Weale et al. (2001)
Europe	Mongolia	soldiers mainly from Khalkh	402	NA	0.00	2.5	Weale et al. (2001)
Europe	Hungary		215	NA	1.40	24.2	Völgyi et al. (2008)
Europe	Wales	North Wales	98	NA	NA	1.0	Weale et al. (2002)
Europe	England	English Midlands	136	NA	NA	4.4	Weale et al. (2002)
Europe	England	East Anglia	173	NA	NA	4.6	Weale et al. (2002)
Europe	Netherlands	Friesland	94	NA	NA	7.4	Weale et al. (2002)
Europe	Norway		83	NA	NA	21.7	Weale et al. (2002)
Europe	England/Scotland/Wales?	British	25	NA	NA	0.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Europe	Scotland	Orkney	26	NA	NA	27.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Europe	Russia	Pomor	28	NA	NA	36.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Europe	Russia	Russian, North	49	NA	NA	43.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Europe	Russia	Russian, Tashkent	89	NA	NA	47.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Europe	Russia	Kazan Tatar	38	NA	NA	24.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Europe	Russia	Saami	23	NA	NA	22.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Europe	Russia	Nenets	54	NA	NA	11.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Middle East	Lebanon		50	NA	NA	0.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Middle East	Iran	Tehran	24	NA	NA	4.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Middle East	Iran	Shiraz	12	NA	NA	0.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Middle East	Iran	Esfahan	16	NA	NA	0.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Caucasus	Georgia	Svans (Svanetians)	25	NA	NA	8.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Caucasus	Georgia	Kazbegi	25	NA	NA	4.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Caucasus	Georgia	South Ossetians	17	NA	NA	6.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Caucasus	Azerbaijan	Lezgi in Azerbaijan	12	NA	NA	8.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Caucasus	Azerbaijan	Azerbaijanians	21	NA	NA	10.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Caucasus	Armenia	Armenians	47	NA	NA	9.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Turkmenistan	Turkmen	30	NA	NA	7.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Turkmenistan	Turkmenistan Kurd	17	NA	NA	12.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Sinte Romani	15	NA	NA	0.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Iranian (Samarkand)	53	NA	NA	11.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Tajik (Samarkand)	40	NA	NA	25.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Arab Bukhara	42	NA	NA	19.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Crimean Tartar	22	NA	NA	32.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Karakalpak	44	NA	NA	18.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Uzbek/ Kashkadarya	19	NA	NA	16.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Uzbek/ Bukhara	58	NA	NA	28.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Uzbek/ Surkhandarya	68	NA	NA	29.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Uzbek/ Khorezm	70	NA	NA	30.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Uzbek/ Tashkent	43	NA	NA	28.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Uzbek/ Fergana Valley	63	NA	NA	22.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Uzbekistan	Samarkand	45	NA	NA	13.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Tajikistan	Ishkashimi (near Afghanistan)	25	NA	NA	68.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Tajikistan	Bartangi	30	NA	NA	40.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Tajikistan	Shugnan	44	NA	NA	23.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Tajikistan	Yagnobi	31	NA	NA	16.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Tajikistan	Tajiks/Khujand	22	NA	NA	64.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Tajikistan	Tajiks/Dushanbe	16	NA	NA	19.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Kyrgyzstan	Kyrgyz	52	NA	NA	63.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Kyrgyzstan	Dungan (Sino-Tibetan)	40	NA	NA	10.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Kazakhstan	Kazakhs	54	NA	NA	4.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central Asia	Kazakhstan	Uighur	41	NA	NA	22.0	Wells et al. (2001)
South Asia	India	South India Sourashtran	46	NA	NA	39.0	Wells et al. (2001)
South Asia	India	South India Kallar Dravidian	84	NA	NA	4.0	Wells et al. (2001)
South Asia	India	South India Yadhava	129	NA	NA	13.0	Wells et al. (2001)
North Asia	Russia	Tuvinian	42	NA	NA	14.0	Wells et al. (2001)
East Asia/North Asia	Mongolia		24	NA	NA	4.0	Wells et al. (2001)
East Asia	Korea		45	NA	NA	0.0	Wells et al. (2001)
Central/East Asia	China	Liqian from Yongchang	87	NA	NA	1.1	Zhou et al. (2007)
Central/East Asia	China	Yugur from Su\'nan	52	NA	NA	1.9	Zhou et al. (2007)
Central/East Asia	China	Tibetan from Guide, Qinghai	39	NA	NA	2.6	Zhou et al. (2007)
Central/East Asia	China	Uygurs from Urumqi	49	NA	NA	NA	Zhou et al. (2007)
Europe	Italy	Sardinia	10	0.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	England	Cornwall	51	0.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Spain	Basque	26	0.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Portugal	Northern	328	0.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
North Africa	Algeria		27	0.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
North Africa			129	0.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
North Africa	Tunisia	Jerbian arabs	46	NA	4.3	4.3	Ennafaa et al. (2011)
Europe	Finland		57	10.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Bulgaria		24	12.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Netherlands		84	13.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Germany	Bavarian	80	15.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Sweden	Gotlander	64	16.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe		Yugoslavian	100	16.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Russia	Chuvash	17	18.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Sweden	Northern	48	19.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Romania		45	20.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Iceland		28	21.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe		Saami	48	21.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Hungary		36	22.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Estonia		207	27.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Russia	Mari	48	29.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Ukraine	Ukraine	27	30.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Germany		30	30.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Norway		52	31.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Lithuania		38	34.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Slovenia		70	37.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Czech Republic		53	38.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Belarusia		41	39.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Latvia		34	41.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Russia		122	47.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Slovakia		70	47.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Poland		112	54.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Ireland		57	1.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Ossetia		47	2.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Cyprus		45	2.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Italy		99	2.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Spain		126	2.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Portugal	Southern	57	2.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Belgium		92	4.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Turkey		167	5.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	France		40	5.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Georgia		64	6.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Armenia		89	6.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Denmark		56	7.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Scotland	Western	120	7.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Scotland		43	7.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Greece		36	8.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	England	East Anglia	172	9.0	NA	NA	Rosser et al. (2000)
Europe	Iceland		181	23.8	NA	NA	Helgason et al. (2000)
Europe	Norway		112	17.9	NA	NA	Helgason et al. (2000)
Europe	Sweden		110	17.3	NA	NA	Helgason et al. (2000)
Europe	Denmark		12	16.7	NA	NA	Helgason et al. (2000)
Europe	Ireland		222	0.5	NA	NA	Helgason et al. (2000)
Europe	Scotland		61	6.6	NA	NA	Helgason et al. (2000)
Europe	Britain		32	9.4	NA	NA	Helgason et al. (2000)
Europe	Germany		32	9.4	NA	NA	Helgason et al. (2000)
Europe	Greece		42	4.8	NA	NA	Helgason et al. (2000)
Europe	Italy		332	2.7	NA	NA	Helgason et al. (2000)
Europe	Russia		30	43.3	NA	NA	Helgason et al. (2000)
Europe	Estonia		74	36.5	NA	NA	Malaspina et al. (2003)
Europe	Russia	Komi-Permiak	42	23.8	NA	NA	Malaspina et al. (2003)
Europe	Russia	Russian (Perm)	37	43.2	NA	NA	Malaspina et al. (2003)
Europe	Russia - Mordovia	Mordovian Erzya	46	39.1	NA	NA	Malaspina et al. (2003)
Europe	Russia - Mordovia	Mordovian Moksi	46	21.7	NA	NA	Malaspina et al. (2003)
Europe	Estonia	Estonia Russian	26	26.9	NA	NA	Malaspina et al. (2003)
Europe	Ukraine	Ukrainian	6	50.0	NA	NA	Malaspina et al. (2003)
Europe	Bulgaria	Bulgarian	34	14.7	NA	NA	Malaspina et al. (2003)
Europe	Turkey	Northeast Turkish	11	18.2	NA	NA	Malaspina et al. (2003)
Europe	Turkey	Central Anatolian	18	11.1	NA	NA	Malaspina et al. (2003)
Europe	Turkey	Southwest Turkish	29	10.3	NA	NA	Malaspina et al. (2003)
Europe	Turkey	Southeast Turkish	13	15.4	NA	NA	Malaspina et al. (2003)
Europe	Cyprus	Turkish Cypriots	22	13.6	NA	NA	Malaspina et al. (2003)
Middle East		Talysh	20	10.0	NA	NA	Malaspina et al. (2003)
Caucasus	Azerbaijan	Azeri	24	12.5	NA	NA	Malaspina et al. (2003)
Europe	Croatia	Mainland	108	34.3	NA	NA	Pericic et al. (2005)
Europe	Bosnia-Herzogivina	Bosnians	69	24.6	NA	NA	Pericic et al. (2005)
Europe	Bosnia-Herzogivina	Herzogivinians	141	12.1	NA	NA	Pericic et al. (2005)
Europe	Serbia	Serbians	113	15.9	NA	NA	Pericic et al. (2005)
Europe	Kosova	Albanians	114	4.4	NA	NA	Pericic et al. (2005)
Europe	Republic of Macedonia	Macedonians	79	15.2	NA	NA	Pericic et al. (2005)
Europe	Republic of Macedonia	Romani	57	1.8	NA	NA	Pericic et al. (2005)
Europe	Croatia	Mainland	109	33.9	NA	NA	Barać et al. (2003)
Europe	Croatia	Krk	74	28.0	NA	NA	Barać et al. (2003)
Europe	Croatia	Brač	49	13.0	NA	NA	Barać et al. (2003)
Europe	Croatia	Hvar	91	8.0	NA	NA	Barać et al. (2003)
Europe	Croatia	Korčula	134	27.0	NA	NA	Barać et al. (2003)
Europe	Russia	North	380	34.20	NA	NA	Balanovsky et al. (2007)
Europe	Russia	Central	364	46.50	NA	NA	Balanovsky et al. (2007)
Europe	Russia	South	484	55.40	NA	NA	Balanovsky et al. (2007)
Europe	Portugal		553	1.27	NA	NA	Gonçalves et al. (2005)
Europe	Sweden	Swedes	141	18.4	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
Europe	Estonia	Estonians	209	33.5	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
Europe	Latvia	Latvians	86	38.4	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
Europe	Russia	Mari	111	47.7	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
Europe	Russia	Mordvin	83	26.5	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
Europe	Russia	Komi	94	33	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
Europe	Russia	Udmurt	87	10.3	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
Europe	Russia	Chuvash	79	31.6	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
Europe	Russia	Tatar	126	34.1	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
Europe	France	French	61	0	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
Europe	Hungary	Hungarians	113	20.4	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
Europe	Russia	Russians	61	42.6	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
Europe/Asia	Russia	Khant	47	4.3	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
North Asia	Russia	Nganasan	38	0	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
North Asia/Europe	Russia	Nenets	148	0	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
North Asia/Europe	Russia	Selkup	131	19.1	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
North Asia	Russia	Ket	48	0	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
North Asia	Russia	Dolgan	67	16.4	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
North Asia	Russia	Yakut	155	1.9	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
North Asia	Russia	Buryat	81	1.2	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
North/East Asia	Russia	Evenk	96	1	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
North/East Asia	Russia	Evens	31	6.5	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
Europe	Russia	Altaians	98	46.9	NA	NA	Tambets et al. (2004)
Europe	Norway	Norwegians	72	23.6	NA	NA	Passarino et al. (2002)
Europe	Denmark	Danes	194	16.5	NA	NA	Sanchez et al. (2003)
Middle East	Turkey	Kurds Zazaki speakers	27	NA	NA	25.9	Nasidze et al. (2005)
Middle East	Turkey	Kurds Kurmanji speakers	87	NA	NA	12.7	Nasidze et al. (2005)
Middle East	Iraq	Kurds	95	NA	NA	11.6
Caucasus	Georgia	Kurds	25	NA	NA	0.0	Nasidze et al. (2005)
Middle East	Jordan	Amman	101	NA	NA	2.0	Flores et al. (2005)
Middle East	Jordan	Dead Sea	45	NA	NA	0.0	Flores et al. (2005)
Middle East	Iraq	Baghdad, different ethnic groups	139	NA	NA	6.5	Al Zahery et al. (2003)
Europe	Russia	Arkhangelsk	28	NA	0.00	17.9	Mirabal et al. (2009)
Europe	Russia	Khanty	27	NA	0.00	14.8	Mirabal et al. (2009)
Europe	Russia	Izhenski Komi	54	NA	0.00	29.6	Mirabal et al. (2009)
Europe	Russia	Priluzki Komi	49	NA	0.00	32.7	Mirabal et al. (2009)
Europe	Russia	Kursk region Russian	40	NA	0.00	52.5	Mirabal et al. (2009)
Europe	Russia	Tver region Russian	38	NA	0.00	57.9	Mirabal et al. (2009)

Notes

References

Adams et al.; Bosch, Elena; Balaresque, Patricia L.; Ballereau, StéPhane J.; Lee, Andrew C.; Arroyo, Eduardo; López-Parra, Ana M.; Aler, Mercedes et al. (2008), "The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula", The American Journal of Human Genetics 83 (6): 725, doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.007, PMC 2668061, PMID 19061982, http://www.cell.com/AJHG/abstract/S0002-9297%2808%2900592-2
Al Zahery et al. (doi:10.1016/S1055–7903(03)00039–3), "Y-chromosome and mtDNA polymorphisms in Iraq, a crossroad of the early human dispersal and of post-Neolithic migrations", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28 (3): 458–472, doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00039-3, PMID 12927131, http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/Al_Zahery.pdf
Balanovsky et al., Oleg; Rootsi, Siiri; Pshenichnov, Andrey; Kivisild, Toomas; Churnosov, Michail; Evseeva, Irina; Pocheshkhova, Elvira; Boldyreva, Margarita et al. (2008), "Two Sources of the Russian Patrilineal Heritage in Their Eurasian Context", AJHG 82 (1): 236–250, doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.019, PMC 2253976, PMID 18179905, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B8JDD-4RHHD95-12&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=6c5c574198b6a790be64d988ec6b4d15
Bamshad et al.; Kivisild, T; Watkins, WS; Dixon, ME; Ricker, CE; Rao, BB; Naidu, JM; Prasad, BV et al. (2001), "Genetic evidence on the origins of Indian caste populations", Genome Research 11 (6): 994–1004, doi:10.1101/gr.GR-1733RR, PMC 311057, PMID 11381027, http://www.genome.org/cgi/content/full/11/6/994 .
Barać L, Pericić M, Klarić IM, et al. (July 2003), "Y chromosomal heritage of Croatian population and its island isolates", Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 11 (7): 535–42, doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200992, PMID 12825075, http://evolutsioon.ut.ee/publications/Barac2003.pdf.
Battaglia et al.; Fornarino, Simona; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Olivieri, Anna; Pala, Maria; Myres, Natalie M; King, Roy J; Rootsi, Siiri et al. (2008), "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe", European Journal of Human Genetics 17 (6): 820–830, doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.249, PMC 2947100, PMID 19107149, http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2947100
Behar et al.; Thomas, Mark G.; Skorecki, Karl; Hammer, Michael F.; Bulygina, Ekaterina; Rosengarten, Dror; Jones, Abigail L.; Held, Karen et al. (2003), "Multiple Origins of Ashkenazi Levites: Y Chromosome Evidence for Both Near Eastern and European Ancestries" (– ^{Scholar search}), Am. J. Hum. Genet. 73 (4): 768–779, doi:10.1086/378506, PMC 1180600, PMID 13680527, http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJHG/journal/issues/v73n4/40097/40097.html . Also at http://www.ucl.ac.uk/tcga/tcgapdf/Behar-AJHG-03.pdf and http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/400971.pdf
Bowden et al.; Balaresque, P.; King, T. E.; Hansen, Z.; Lee, A. C.; Pergl-Wilson, G.; Hurley, E.; Roberts, S. J. et al. (2008), "Excavating Past Population Structures by Surname-Based Sampling: The Genetic Legacy of the Vikings in Northwest England", Molecular Biology and Evolution 25 (2): 301–309, doi:10.1093/molbev/msm255, PMC 2628767, PMID 18032405, http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/25/2/301
Capelli et al., Cristian; Redhead, Nicola; Abernethy, Julia K.; Gratrix, Fiona; Wilson, James F.; Moen, Torolf; Hervig, Tor; Richards, Martin et al. (2003), "A Y Chromosome Census of the British Isles", Current Biology 13 (11): 979–84, doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00373-7, PMID 12781138, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VRT-48PV5SH-12&_user=10&_coverDate=05%2F27%2F2003&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=0eb0c8ff85bde2ebc2ef136619f57e7a also at http://www.ucl.ac.uk/tcga/tcgapdf/capelli-CB-03.pdf
Cinnioğlu et al., Cengiz; King, Roy; Kivisild, Toomas; Kalfoglu, Ersi; Atasoy, Sevil; Cavalleri, Gianpiero L.; Lillie, Anita S.; Roseman, Charles C. et al. (2004), "Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia", Hum Genet 114 (2): 127, doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4, PMID 14586639, http://www.springerlink.com/content/q884mpdr929yuye0/fulltext.pdf
Cordaux et al.; Aunger, Robert; Bentley, Gillian; Nasidze, Ivane; Sirajuddin, S.M.; Stoneking, Mark (2004), "Independent Origins of Indian Caste and Tribal Paternal Lineages", Current Biology 14 (3): 231–235, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.024, PMID 14761656
- Dupuy et al.; Stenersen, M; Lu, TT; Olaisen, B (2005), "Geographical heterogeneity of Y-chromosomal lineages in Norway", Forensic Science International 164 (1): 10–19, doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.11.009, PMID 16337760, http://www.freewebs.com/rus_anthro/Dupuy_2005_Geographical_heterogeneity_of_Y_chromosomal_lineages_in_Norway_FSI.pdf
Ennafaa; Fregel; Khodjet-el-khil; Gonzalez (2011), "Mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome microstructure in Tunisia", European Journal of Human Genetics, doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.92, PMID 21833004, http://www.nature.com/jhg/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/jhg201192a.html
Firasat et al.; Khaliq, Shagufta; Mohyuddin, Aisha; Papaioannou, Myrto; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Underhill, Peter A; Ayub, Qasim (2006), "Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan", European Journal of Human Genetics 15 (1): 121–126, doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726, PMC 2588664, PMID 17047675, http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v15/n1/full/5201726a.html
Fornarino et al.; Pala, Maria; Battaglia, Vincenza; Maranta, Ramona; Achilli, Alessandro; Modiano, Guido; Torroni, Antonio; Semino, Ornella et al. (2009), "Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity of the Tharus (Nepal): a reservoir of genetic variation", BMC Evolutionary Biology 9: 154, doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-154, PMC 2720951, PMID 19573232, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/9/154
Helgason et al.; Sigurðardóttir, Sigrún; Nicholson, Jayne; Sykes, Bryan; Hill, Emmeline W.; Bradley, Daniel G.; Bosnes, Vidar; Gulcher, Jeffery R. et al. (2000), "Estimating Scandinavian and Gaelic Ancestry in the Male Settlers of Iceland", Am Journal of Human Genetics 67 (3): 697–717, doi:10.1086/303046, PMC 1287529, PMID 10931763, http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1287529
Kasperaviciūte et al.; Kučinskas, V.; Stoneking, M. (2005), "Y Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Lithuanians", Annals of Human Genetics 68 (5): 438–452, doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00119.x, http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/118745619/PDFSTART
Kayser et al., Manfred; Lao, Oscar; Anslinger, Katja; Augustin, Christa; Bargel, Grazyna; Edelmann, Jeanett; Elias, Sahar; Heinrich, Marielle et al. (2005), "Significant genetic differentiation between Poland and Germany follows present-day political borders, as revealed by Y-chromosome analysis", Human Genetics 117 (5): 428–443, doi:10.1007/s00439-005-1333-9, PMID 15959808, http://www.springerlink.com/content/w75j6048545350g5/ A copy can be found here http://dirkschweitzer.net/E3b-papers/HG-05-428-Poland-Germany.pdf.
Kharkov et al., V. N.; Stepanov, V. A.; Borinskaya, S. A.; Kozhekbaeva, Zh. M.; Gusar, V. A.; Grechanina, E. Ya.; Puzyrev, V. P.; Khusnutdinova, E. K. et al. (2004), "Gene Pool Structure of Eastern Ukrainians as Inferred from the Y-Chromosome Haplogroups", Russian Journal of Genetics 40 (3): 326, doi:10.1023/B:RUGE.0000021635.80528.2f, http://www.springerlink.com/content/r60m403330h204l0/ A copy can be found here [1].
Kharkov et al., V. N.; Stepanov, V. A.; Feshchenko, S. P.; Borinskaya, S. A.; Yankovsky, N. K.; Puzyrev, V. P. (2005), "Frequencies of Y Chromosome Binary Haplogroups in Belarussians", Russian Journal of Genetics 41 (8): 928–931, doi:10.1007/s11177-005-0182-x, http://www.springerlink.com/content/n2883j06628r5515/ A copy can be found here [2].
Kharkov et al.; Stepanov, V. A.; Medvedeva, O. F.; Spiridonova, M. G.; Voevoda, M. I.; Tadinova, V. N.; Puzyrev, V. P. (2007), "Gene Pool Differences between Northern and Southern Altaians Inferred from the Data on Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups", Russian Journal of Genetics 43 (5): 551–562, doi:10.1134/S1022795407050110, http://www.medgenetics.ru/UserFile/File/Doc/Evolution%20Doc/Kharkov%202007%20Gene%20Pool%20Diffewrences%20between%20N%20S%20Alt.pdf
King et al., R. J.; Özcan, S. S.; Carter, T.; Kalfoğlu, E.; Atasoy, S.; Triantaphyllidis, C.; Kouvatsi, A.; Lin, A. A. et al. (2008), "Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian Influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic", Annals of Human Genetics 72 (2): 205–214, doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00414.x, PMID 18269686, http://dirkschweitzer.net/E3b-papers/KingAHG-08-72-205.pdf
Kivisild et al.; Rootsi, S.; Metspalu, M.; Mastana, S.; Kaldma, K.; Parik, J.; Metspalu, E.; Adojaan, M. et al. (2003), "The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations", AJHG 72 (2): 313, doi:10.1086/346068, PMC 379225, PMID 12536373, http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=379225 .
Lell et al., Jeffrey T.; Sukernik, Rem I.; Starikovskaya, Yelena B.; Su, Bing; Jin, Li; Schurr, Theodore G.; Underhill, Peter A.; Wallace, Douglas C. (2002), "The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American Y Chromosomes", Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70 (1): 192–206, doi:10.1086/338457, PMC 384887, PMID 11731934, http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2002_v70_p192-206.pdf
Luca et al., F.; Di Giacomo, F.; Benincasa, T.; Popa, L.O.; Banyko, J.; Kracmarova, A.; Malaspina, P.; Novelletto, A. et al. (2006), "Y-Chromosomal Variation in the Czech Republic", American Journal of Physical Anthropology 132 (1): 132, doi:10.1002/ajpa.20500, PMID 17078035
Malaspina et al. (2003), Analysis of Y-chromosome variation in modern populations at the European-Asian border, pp. 309–313, http://evolutsioon.ut.ee/publications/Malaspina2003.pdf in K. Boyle, C. Renfrew, and M. Levine, eds. Ancient interactions: east and west in Eurasia. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Monograph Series, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Marjanovic D, Fornarino S, Montagna S, et al. (November 2005), "The peopling of modern Bosnia-Herzegovina: Y-chromosome haplogroups in the three main ethnic groups", Ann. Hum. Genet. 69 (Pt 6): 757–63, doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00190.x, PMID 16266413, http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0003-4800&date=2005&volume=69&issue=Pt%206&spage=757.
Mirabal et al.; Regueiro, Maria; Cadenas, Alicia M; Cavalli-Sforza, L Luca; Underhill, Peter A; Verbenko, Dmitry A; Limborska, Svetlana A; Herrera, Rene J (2009), "Y-Chromosome distribution within the geo-linguistic landscape of northwestern Russia", European Journal of Human Genetics 17 (10): 1260–1273, doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.6, PMC 2986641, PMID 19259129, http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2986641
Mukherjee et al.; Nebel, Almut; Oppenheim, Ariella; Majumder, Partha P. (2001), "High-resolution analysis of Y-chromosomal polymorphisms reveals signatures of population movements from central Asia and West Asia into India", Journal of Genetics 80 (3): 125–135, December, 2001, doi:10.1007/BF02717908 .
Nasidze et al., I.; Ling, E. Y. S.; Quinque, D.; Dupanloup, I.; Cordaux, R.; Rychkov, S.; Naumova, O.; Zhukova, O. et al. (2004), "Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus", Annals of Human Genetics 68 (3): 205–221, doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00092.x, PMID 15180701, http://www.eva.mpg.de/genetics/pdf/Caucasus_big_paper.pdf
Nasidze et al.; Quinque, Dominique; Ozturk, Murat; Bendukidze, Nina; Stoneking, Mark (2005), "MtDNA and Y-chromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups", Annals of Human Genetics 69 (4): 401–412, doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2005.00174.x, PMID 15996169, http://www.eva.mpg.de/genetics/pdf/Kurds.pdf
Passarino et al. (2001), "The 49a,f haplotype 11 is a new marker of the EU19 lineage that traces migrations from northern regions of the black sea", Hum. Immunol. 62 (9): 922–932, doi:10.1016/S0198-8859(01)00291-9, PMID 11543894 .
Passarino et al.; Cavalleri, Gianpiero L; Lin, Alice A; Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca; Børresen-Dale, Anne-Lise; Underhill, Peter A (2002), "Different genetic components in the Norwegian population revealed by the analysis of mtDNA and Y chromosome polymorphisms", Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 10 (9): 521–9, doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200834, PMID 12173029, http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v10/n9/full/5200834a.html .
Pericic et al.; Lauc, LB; Klarić, IM; Rootsi, S; Janićijevic, B; Rudan, I; Terzić, R; Colak, I et al. (2005), "High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations", Mol. Biol. Evol. 22 (10): 1964–75, doi:10.1093/molbev/msi185, PMID 15944443, http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/22/10/1964 .
Qamar et al.; Ayub, Qasim; Mohyuddin, Aisha; Helgason, Agnar; Mazhar, Kehkashan; Mansoor, Atika; Zerjal, Tatiana; Tyler-Smith, Chris et al. (2002), "Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation in Pakistan", The American Journal of Human Genetics 70 (5): 1107–1124, doi:10.1086/339929, PMC 447589, PMID 11898125
Quintana-Murci et al.; Krausz, C; Zerjal, T; Sayar, SH; Hammer, MF; Mehdi, SQ; Ayub, Q; Qamar, R et al. (2001), "Y-chromosome lineages trace diffusion of people and languages in southwestern Asia", Am. J. Hum. Genet 68 (2): 537–542, doi:10.1086/318200, PMC 1235289, PMID 11133362, http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1235289
Regueiro et al., M.; Cadenas, A.M.; Gayden, T.; Underhill, P.A.; Herrera, R.J. (2006), "Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration", Hum Hered 61 (3): 132–143, doi:10.1159/000093774, PMID 16770078, http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowPDF&ArtikelNr=93774&ProduktNr=224250&filename=93774.pdf
Rosser et al., Z; Zerjal, T; Hurles, M; Adojaan, M; Alavantic, D; Amorim, A; Amos, W; Armenteros, M et al. (2000), "Y-Chromosomal Diversity in Europe Is Clinal and Influenced Primarily by Geography, Rather than by Language", American Journal of Human Genetics 67 (6): 1526–1543., doi:10.1086/316890, PMC 1287948, PMID 11078479, http://www.ajhg.org/AJHG/abstract/S0002-9297(07)63221-2
Saha et al.; Sharma, Swarkar; Bhat, Audesh; Pandit, Awadesh; Bamezai, Ramesh (2005), "Genetic affinity among five different population groups in India reflecting a Y-chromosome gene flow", J. Hum. Genet. 50 (1): 49–51, doi:10.1007/s10038-004-0219-3, PMID 15611834 .
Sahoo et al., S.; Singh, A; Himabindu, G; Banerjee, J; Sitalaximi, T; Gaikwad, S; Trivedi, R; Endicott, P et al. (2006), "A prehistory of Indian Y chromosomes: Evaluating demic diffusion scenarios", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 (4): 843–848, Bibcode 2006PNAS..103..843S, doi:10.1073/pnas.0507714103, PMC 1347984, PMID 16415161, http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/103/4/843
Sanchez et al.; Børsting, C; Hallenberg, C; Buchard, A; Hernandez, A; Morling, N (2003), "Multiplex PCR and minisequencing of SNPs—a model with 35 Y chromosome SNPs", Forensic Sci Int 137 (1): 74–84, doi:10.1016/S0379-0738(03)00299-8, PMID 14550618
Scozzari et al.; Cruciani, F; Pangrazio, A; Santolamazza, P; Vona, G; Moral, P; Latini, V; Varesi, L et al. (2001), "Human Y-Chromosome Variation in the Western Mediterranean Area: Implications for the Peopling of the Region", Human Immunology 62 (9): 871–884, doi:10.1016/S0198-8859(01)00286-5, PMID 11543889, http://evolutsioon.ut.ee/publications/Scozzari2001.pdf
Semino et al.; Passarino, G; Oefner, PJ; Lin, AA; Arbuzova, S; Beckman, LE; De Benedictis, G; Francalacci, P et al. (2000), "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective", Science 290 (5494): 1155–59, Bibcode 2000Sci...290.1155S, doi:10.1126/science.290.5494.1155, PMID 11073453, http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/Science_2000_v290_p1155.pdf . Copy can be found here http://www.historyofmacedonia.org/ConciseMacedonia/Y_Hromosomes.pdf.
Sengupta et al.; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; Mitra, Mitashree et al. (2005), "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists", Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78 (2): 202–21, doi:10.1086/499411, PMC 1380230, PMID 16400607, http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1380230 .
Sharma et al. (2007), "The Autochthonous Origin and a Tribal Link of Indian Brahmins: Evaluation Through Molecular Genetic Markers", THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HUMAN GENETICS 57th Annual Meeting, http://www.ashg.org/genetics/ashg/annmeet/2007/call/abstractbook.pdf
Sharma et al., Swarkar; Rai, Ekta; Sharma, Prithviraj; Jena, Mamata; Singh, Shweta; Darvishi, Katayoon; Bhat, Audesh K; Bhanwer, A J S et al. (2009), "The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1(*)substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system", J. Hum.Genet. 54 (1): 47–55, doi:10.1038/jhg.2008.2, PMID 19158816, http://www.nature.com/jhg/journal/v54/n1/abs/jhg20082a.html
Tambets et al., Kristiina; Rootsi, Siiri; Kivisild, Toomas; Help, Hela; Serk, Piia; Loogväli, Eva-Liis; Tolk, Helle-Viivi; Reidla, Maere et al. (2004), "The Western and Eastern Roots of the Saami—the Story of Genetic 'Outliers' Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes", American Journal of Human Genetics 74 (4): 661–682, doi:10.1086/383203, PMC 1181943, PMID 15024688, http://www.cell.com/AJHG/abstract/S0002-9297(07)61892-8
Underhill et al.; Myres, Natalie M; Rootsi, Siiri; Metspalu, Mait; Zhivotovsky, Lev A; King, Roy J; Lin, Alice A; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T et al. (2009), "Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1a", European Journal of Human Genetics 18 (4): 479–484, doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.194, PMC 2987245, PMID 19888303, http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2987245
Varzari, Alexander (2006), "Population History of the Dniester-Carpathians: Evidence from Alu Insertion and Y-Chromosome Polymorphisms", Dissertation der Fakultät für Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5868/1/Varzari_Alexander.pdf
Völgyi et al.; Zalán, Andrea; Szvetnik, Enikő; Pamjav, Horolma (2008), "Hungarian population data for 11 Y-STR and 49 Y-SNP markers", Forensic Science International: Genetics 3 (2): e27–e28, doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2008.04.006
Wang et al. (2003), "The origins and genetic structure of three co-resident Chinese Muslim populations: the Salar, Bo'an and Dongxiang", Human Genetics
Weale et al.; Yepiskoposyan, Levon; Jager, Rolf; Hovhannisyan, Nelli; Khudoyan, Armine; Burbage-Hall, Oliver; Bradman, Neil; Thomas, Mark (2001), "Armenian Y chromosome haplotypes reveal strong regional structure within a single ethno-national group", Hum Genet 109 (6): 659–674, doi:10.1007/s00439-001-0627-9, PMID 11810279, http://dirkschweitzer.net/E3b-papers/Weale-HG-01-659-Armenia-y-haplogroups.pdf
Weale et al.; Weiss, DA; Jager, RF; Bradman, N; Thomas, MG (2002), "Y Chromosome Evidence for Anglo-Saxon Mass Migration", Mol. Biol. Evol. 19 (7): 1008–1021, PMID 12082121, http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/19/7/1008.pdf .
Wells et al.; Yuldasheva, N; Ruzibakiev, R; Underhill, PA; Evseeva, I; Blue-Smith, J; Jin, L; Su, B et al. (2001), "The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98 (18): 10244–9, Bibcode 2001PNAS...9810244W, doi:10.1073/pnas.171305098, PMC 56946, PMID 11526236, http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/98/18/10244 . Also at http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/98/18/10244.pdf
Wells, Spencer (2002), The Journey of Man: A Genetic Odyssey, Princeton University Press .
Wilson et al.; Weiss, DA; Richards, M; Thomas, MG; Bradman, N; Goldstein, DB (2001), "Genetic evidence for different male and female roles during cultural transitions in the British Isles", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 (9): 5078–5083, Bibcode 2001PNAS...98.5078W, doi:10.1073/pnas.071036898, PMC 33166, PMID 11287634, http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=33166
Zerjal et al.; Beckman, L; Beckman, G; Mikelsaar, AV; Krumina, A; Kucinskas, V; Hurles, ME; Tyler-Smith, C (2001), "Geographical, linguistic, and cultural influences on genetic diversity: Y-chromosomal distribution in Northern European populations", Mol Biol Evol 18 (6): 1077–1087, PMID 11371596, http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/18/6/1077
Zerjal et al., Tatiana; Wells, R. Spencer; Yuldasheva, Nadira; Ruzibakiev, Ruslan; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2002), "A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia", Am J Hum Genet. 71 (3): 466–482, doi:10.1086/342096, PMC 419996, PMID 12145751, http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=419996
Zhou et al., Ruixia; An, Lizhe; Wang, Xunling; Shao, Wei; Lin, Gonghua; Yu, Weiping; Yi, Lin; Xu, Shijian et al. (2007), "Testing the hypothesis of an ancient Roman soldier origin of the Liqian people in northwest China: a Y-chromosome perspective", Journal of Human Genetics, 52 (7): 584, doi:10.1007/s10038-007-0155-0, PMID 17579807, http://www.springerlink.com/content/h715lv1315473n16/
Zhao et al.; Khan, Faisal; Borkar, Minal; Herrera, Rene; Agrawal, Suraksha (2009), "Presence of three different paternal lineages among North Indians: A study of 560 Y chromosomes", Annals of Human Biology 36 (1): 1–14, doi:10.1080/03014460802558522, PMC 2755252, PMID 19058044, http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2755252